Analisis Faktor Risiko Lingkungan dan Perilaku terhadap Kejadian Malaria: Sebuah Studi Kajian Literatur

Abstract

Malaria remains a major tropical disease burden that fluctuates due to dynamic environmental factors and community behavior. This study aims to analyze environmental and behavioral risk factors associated with malaria incidence through a comprehensive literature review. This study design is a literature review by synthesizing 15 articles selected from electronic databases published in 2016–2026, using descriptive-comparative analysis. The results of this study, synthesizing 15 articles, show that environmental factors such as the presence of breeding places (80%) and the absence of wire mesh on ventilation (73.3%) significantly increase transmission. Meanwhile, behavioral factors such as non-compliance with the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (86.7%) and nighttime habits (80%) are the dominant predictors of malaria infection. The study concludes that malaria transmission is strongly triggered by the presence of mosquito nests close to homes and low self-protection at night, so integrated environmental management and intensive health education at the grassroots level are needed to accelerate malaria elimination.